Poor surface formation of the weld is mainly manifested in two aspects: the surface of the weld seam is too high and the weld metal overflows. The main factors affecting the weld formation in the welding process are the welding process parameters and the welding advance of the girth weld. When the current increases, the penetration depth and the residual height of the weld increase, the melt width is basically unchanged; when the voltage increases, the penetration depth decreases slightly and the melting width increases; when the welding speed increases, the line energy decreases. The penetration depth decreases slightly and the melting width increases. The remaining height decreases. Therefore, when the current is too large and the voltage is too low, the surface of the weld seam will be too large; when the welding speed is too slow or the voltage is too low, the weld metal will overflow. The molten pool in the horizontal position is the most stable and easy to get a good shape.
